- The complete task is handled by a single worker /group of workers. Jobs can be small-scale/low technology/ high technology
- Low technology jobs: The organisation of production is very simple, with the required skills and equipment easily obtainable. Enables the customer's specific requirements to be included, often as the job progresses. E.g. hairdressers, tailoring, painting, decorating, plumbing
- High technology jobs: Involve much greater complexity - and therefore present greater management challenge. Project management/ project control is essential. The essential features of good project control for a job are:
- - Clear definitions of objectives ( how should the job progress e.g dates)
- - Decision-making process (how are decisions taking about the needs of each process in the job, labour and other resources)
- E.g, film production; large construction projects (e.g. the Millennium Dome)
ADVANTAGES
- Product usually high quality
- Producer meets individual customer needs
- Greater job satisfaction – involved in all stages of production
DISADVANTAGES
- Cost of producing one unit or job is higher
- Labour is intensive
- Requires investment in skills and training
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